Canine distemper is a highly contagious and often fatal disease that attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous system of infected individuals. This means that dogs, ferrets, wild foxes and wolves, raccoons, and skunks may carry the infection. Cats may also become infected, though they may not show signs of illness.
How Is It Spread?
Canine distemper is spread through bodily secretions. This may be through direct contact such as saliva and shared food/water bowls or through airborne fluids. Coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and even barking can spread bodily fluids carrying the infection. This disease may also be passed from mother to pup.
This puts dogs at high risk when at shelters, breeding or boarding kennels, pet stores, groomers, dog parks, or doggie daycares. Puppies younger than 4 months or unvaccinated older dogs are at an even higher risk for this disease.
Symptoms
Canine distemper virus initially attacks the immune system – opening up the dog to other infections. Common signs include:
- Discharge from the eyes
- Lethargy
- Coughing
- Reduced appetite
- Lack of coordination
- Walking in circles
- Muscle and/or jaw twitching
- Drooling
- Seizures
- Paralysis
- Thickened or hardened nose and paw pads
Once infected 1 in 2 dogs is likely to die from infection. However, if they survive, immunity is lifelong – but so is nervous system damage. Animals infected with canine distemper may be contagious for months.
Is There a Treatment?
Unfortunately, there is no cure or antiviral drugs for canine distemper. However, treatment of secondary infections and fluids may help increase survival rate.
The best way to protect your pet is to vaccinate them. Puppies must undergo a series of vaccinations, as well as boosters, to ensure protection. Older dogs should also get regular boosters to keep immunity.
Conclusion
Canine distemper is an important disease to be aware of as a pet owner. As always, remember to do your own research and ask your vet if you have any further questions!
You can learn about the vaccine on my page under the vaccinations tab 🙂
Sources
https://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/condition/canine-distemper
https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/canine-distemper